Hi,
Please refer to the following sap online help.
Essentially the concept is A2X service is for UI consumption, synchronous accesses and normally user get error message right away if something wrong, and you should be able to consume these service directly if you want.
While A2A or B2B process, in major case, will include forward error handling etc and need involve EAI/ESB middleware, in this case, most likely SAP PI.
While may not be accurate, I view A2X as a RFC call, and B2B service as EDI/IDoc in more tranditional world. Backt to your question, yes, these are two entries in ESR, and likewise, you will have two entries in your Enterprise Registry
--Wenning